{"id":3267,"date":"2026-01-23T12:11:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T11:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/?p=3267"},"modified":"2026-01-23T12:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T11:11:21","slug":"noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3273,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2786,2790],"tags":[6467,6475,4971,6469,5354,6471,6473,6465],"class_list":["post-3267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-almostajadet","category-ta9rir","tag-6467","tag-6475","tag-4971","tag-6469","tag-5354","tag-6471","tag-6473","tag-6465"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - Descartes.tn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - Descartes.tn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Descartes.tn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Magdescartes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-23T11:11:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-23T11:11:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES-1024x535.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"535\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9fd67540eb53221af50a61878b6721ae\"},\"headline\":\"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-23T11:11:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-23T11:11:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":0,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png\",\"keywords\":[\"\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\",\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\",\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\",\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c\",\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\",\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\",\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\",\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a\",\"\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - Descartes.tn\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-23T11:11:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-23T11:11:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png\",\"width\":1408,\"height\":736},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/ar\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/23\\\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Descartes.tn\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Descartes.tn\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/cropped-Fichier-1-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/cropped-Fichier-1-1.png\",\"width\":136,\"height\":19,\"caption\":\"Descartes.tn\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/Magdescartes\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/descartes.magazine\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9fd67540eb53221af50a61878b6721ae\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/871417dfba5a884ed81f7f8e04e2eea75e8ef480bcb1e5ea634438506d493132?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/871417dfba5a884ed81f7f8e04e2eea75e8ef480bcb1e5ea634438506d493132?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/871417dfba5a884ed81f7f8e04e2eea75e8ef480bcb1e5ea634438506d493132?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/descartes.tn\\\/index.php\\\/author\\\/admin_pmykj64c\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - Descartes.tn","description":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - Descartes.tn","og_description":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.","og_url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/","og_site_name":"Descartes.tn","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Magdescartes","article_published_time":"2026-01-23T11:11:20+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-23T11:11:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":535,"url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES-1024x535.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/9fd67540eb53221af50a61878b6721ae"},"headline":"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a","datePublished":"2026-01-23T11:11:20+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-23T11:11:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/"},"wordCount":0,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png","keywords":["\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627","\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a","\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629","\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c","\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629","\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629","\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a","\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627"],"articleSection":["\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a","\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/","url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/","name":"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - Descartes.tn","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png","datePublished":"2026-01-23T11:11:20+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-23T11:11:21+00:00","description":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/TURKISH-INFLUENCE-IN-AFRICA-DESCARTES.png","width":1408,"height":736},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/ar\/2026\/01\/23\/noufoudh-turkiya-ifriqiya\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/","name":"Descartes.tn","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#organization","name":"Descartes.tn","url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cropped-Fichier-1-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/cropped-Fichier-1-1.png","width":136,"height":19,"caption":"Descartes.tn"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Magdescartes","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/descartes.magazine\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/#\/schema\/person\/9fd67540eb53221af50a61878b6721ae","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/871417dfba5a884ed81f7f8e04e2eea75e8ef480bcb1e5ea634438506d493132?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/871417dfba5a884ed81f7f8e04e2eea75e8ef480bcb1e5ea634438506d493132?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/871417dfba5a884ed81f7f8e04e2eea75e8ef480bcb1e5ea634438506d493132?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/descartes.tn"],"url":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/author\/admin_pmykj64c\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3267"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3276,"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3267\/revisions\/3276"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/descartes.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}